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Arts and Culture Of India Part – Ⅱ For Railway NTPC And Gr- D

In the previous Lecture we have read First Part of the post 'Arts And Culture Of India'. In that post we read about Classical, Folk Dances of Indian States, Musical Instrumens their famous player etc. India is full of vast Culture and tradition. In many part of India you will see different Languages, Culture and Tradition. In the second part we will focus on them.
This post is created according to the syllabus of Upcoming Railway NTPC, Group-D exams. This Post help you not only in Railway Exam But Also for Other competitive Exams like SSC and Sate PSC

State, Union Territory and Their New Year Festivals

REGION	FESTIVAL	REGION	FESTIVAL
Assam	Rangoli Bihu	Maharashtra	Gudi Padwa
Andhrapradesh	Ugadi	Goa , Konkarn	Gudi Padwa
Telangana	Ugadi	Manipur	Cheiraoba
Karnataka	Ugadi	Jammu	Navratri
Tamil Nadu	Tamil Puthandu	Kashmir	Navreh
Kerala	Vishu, Chingam	Rajasthan	Navratri
Odisha	Bishuva Sankranti	Punjab	Vaishakhi
Jharkhand	Bighu	Sindh	Cheti Chand
U.P	Pratipada	Gujrat	Nav Varsh
Uttrakhand	Bhikhu	West Bengal	Poila Boishakh
Bihar	Jud Sheetal
Parshi, Zoroastrian — Nowruz

States, Union Territory and Their Primary Official Languages

States	Primary Language	States	Primary Language
Andhra Pradesh	Telugu	Punjab	Punjabi
Arunachal Pradesh	Nishi	Rajasthan	Hindi(Rajasthani)
Assam	Assames	Sikkim	Nepali
Bihar	Hindi(Bhojpuri, Magdhi)	Tamil Nadu	Tamil
Chattisgarh	Hindi(Chhattisgarhi)	Telangana	Telugu
Goa	Hindi	Tripura	Bengali
Gujrat	Gujrati	Uttar Pradesh	Hindi
Haryana	Hindi	Uttarakhand	Hindi
Himachal Pradesh	Hindi	West Bengal	Bengali
Jharkhand	Hindi	Union Territories	Primary Language
Karnataka	Kannada	Delhi	Hindi
Kerala	Malayalam	Daman & Diu	Gujrati
Madhya Pradesh	Hindi	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Gujrati
Maharashtra	Marathi	Chandigarh	Hindi
Manipur	Manipuri	Lakshadweep	Malayalam
Meghalaya	Kashi	Punducherry	Tamil
Mizoram	Mizo	Andman and Nicobar Island	Hindi
Nagaland	Naga	Jammu & Kashmir	Urdu
Odisha	Oriya	Ladakh	Hindi, Tibetean

Famous Indian Temple and Their Founder

Temple	Place	Year	Built by
Jagannath Temple	Puri, Odisha	1611	Indradyumman
Somnath Temple	Gujrat	—	Moon God
Badrinath	Uttarakhand	9 Century BC	Adi Sankracharya
Kedarnath	Gharwal, Uttarakhand	8 Century Bc	Pandavas
Konark sun Temple	Odisha	13th Century	Narasimhadeva
Meenakshi Temple	Madurai, Tamilnadu	1623 — 1655 CE	vishwanatha Nayakar
Amarnath Cave	Jammu & Kashmir	—	Natural Formation
Kashi Vishwanath	Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh	1780 CE	Ahilya Bai
Mata Vaishno Devi Temple	Jammu	—	—
Shirdi Sai Baba Temple	Shirdi, Maharashtra	1922 CE	—
Sanchi Stupa	Raisen, Madhya Pradesh	3rd Century BC	Ashoka
Siddhivinayak Temple	Mumbai	18th Century	—
Mahabodhi Temple	Bihar	3rd Century BC	Ashoka
Golden Temple	Amritsar, Punjab	1577	Guru Ram Das
Kamakhya Temple	Guwahati	8th — 17th Century	—
Venkateswara Temple	Tirumala, Andhrapradesh	300 AD	King Thondaiman
Ramanathaswamy Temple	Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu	7 — 8th Century	Pandya, Jaffna Kings
Brihadeshwara Temple	Thanjavur, Tamilnadu	11th Century	Raja Raja Chola Ⅰ
Vitthala Temple	Hampi, Karnataka	1th Century	King Devaraya Ⅱ

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Notes on Arts and Culture of India

In this chapter we will learn about 'Arts and Culture of India' this chapter will give you details of Classical and Folk Dances, Music Instrument, famous personality related with this field which is helpful for upcoming Railway NTPC , Group-D, SSC and State PSC Exams.

Classical Dance of India

The first mention of Dances found from the Bharat muni's works 'Natya Shastra'. According to Historian the work was compiled between 200 BC to 2nd century AD.
At present Sangeet Natka Academy Of india recognizes 8 Classical Dances Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathk and Sattriya.

Details About Classical Dance Form :-

	Dance Form	Origin	Characteristics	Famous performer
1	Bharatnatyam	Tamil Nadu	Oldest classical dance form. Dance is performed by temple dancer or devadasi. It symbolizes Fire element.	Bala Saraswati, C. V. Chandrasekhar, Leela Samson, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Padma Subramanyam, Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Panigrahi, Sonal Mansingh, Yamini Krishnamurti
2	Kuchipudi	Andhra Pradesh	Kuchipudi recitals are based on the stories of Bhagavata purana. It symbolizes Earth element.	Josyula Seetharamaiah, Vempathi Chinna Sthyam
3	Kathakali	Kerala	It shows the conflict between good and evil. It symbolizes Sky or Ether element.	Mrinalini sarabhai, Guru Shankaran, Namboodripad, Thottam Sankaran, Kutti Nayyar, Shankar Kurup, KC Pannikar, TT Ram Kulti
4	Mohiniattam	Kerala	Narrates the story of faminine dance of lord vishnu. It symbolizes Air element.	Protima Devi, Sanyukta panigrahi, Sonal mansingh, Pankaj Charan Das
5	Odissi	Odisha	The lyrics of Geet Govind written by Jayadeva is used. Symbolizes Water element	Debaprasad Das, Dhirendra Nath Pattnaik, Indrani Rahman, Kelucharan Mahapatra, Priyambada Mohanty, Sonal Mansingh
6	Manipuri	Manipur	Ras Leela is the recurring theme of the dance.	Guru Bipin Sinha, Jhaveri Sisters, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta
7	Kathak	Uttar Pradesh	Accompanied with Dhrupad music	Bharti Gupta, Birju Maharaj, Damayanti Joshi, Durga Das, Gopi Krishna, Kumudini Lakhia, Sambhu Maharaj, Sitara Devi
8	Sattriya	Assam	Origin Natya Shastra of Sage Bharat muni. It is inspired from Bhakti movement.	Anwesa Mahanta

States and their Folk Dances in India :-

STATE	FOLK Dance	STATE	FOLK Dance
Andhra Pradesh	Kuchipudi, Kollatam	Uttarakhand	Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari
Arunachal Pradesh	Bardo chham, Mukhota	Assam	Bihu, Kaligopal, Jhumar Nach
Bihar	Jata-Jatin, Panwariya	Gujrat	Garba, Raas, Tippani Dance
Jharkhand	Karma/Munda	Sikkim	Singhi Chham
Uttar pradesh	Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora	Rajasthan	Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Bhavai, Kachchhi Ghodi.
Punjab	Bhangra, Giddh , Jhumar, Karthi, Ludi	West Bengal	Gambhira, Nacni, Alkap, Domni, Chow
Karnataka	Yakshagana, Kunitha, Bayalata	Kerala	Mohiniyattam, Ottam thulal
Madhya Pradesh	Jawara, Maanch, Grida, Tertali, Phulpati Dance, Matki Dance	Chattisgarh	Panthi, Raut Nacha, Gaur Maria, Dekhni Dance
Haryana	Saang, Ras Leela, Ghoomar, Jhumar, Teej, Phag ,Dhamal	Maharashtra	Lavni, Tamasha ,Dangi ,Pavri Nach ,Povadas ,Koli ,Dindi
Odisha	Ghumura Dance, Ruk Mar Nacha, Chhau dance, Odissi, Baagh or Tiger Naach	Goa	Koli, Dhalo, Ghodemodni, Romta Mel, Divlyan Nac
J & K	Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach	Manipur	Dol Cholam, Thang Ta, Lai Haraoiba
Tamil Nadu	Kolattam, Kamandi, Pandigai, Devarattam, Karakattam	Himachal Pradesh	Dhaman, Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi
Nagaland	Rangma, Bamboo Dance	Mizoram	Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam
Tripura	Hojagiri	Meghalaya	Laho, Nongkrem

Type of Musical Instruments:-

STRING INSTRUMENTS	WIND INSTRUMENTS	PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
Flute	Sitar	Tabla
Shehnai	Sarod	Drum
Harmonica	Guitar	Dholak
Trumpet	Violin	Bells
Piano	Veena	Mridangam
Bagpipe	Banjo	Xylophone

Musical Instruments and Instrumentalists:-

Instrument	Instrumentalists
Tabla	Zakir Hussain, Alla Rakha Khan, Kishna Mahraj, Nikhil Ghosh, Pandit Samta Prasad, Latif khan
Flute	Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghosh, TR Mahalingam, N Ramani
Shehnai	Bismillah Khan
Mridangam	Palghat Mani Iyer, Karaikudi R Mani, Palghat Raghu
Sarod	Buddhadev Dasgupta, Ali Akbar Khan, Amjad Ali Khan
Saarangi	Ustad Binda Khan
Sitar	Ravi Shankar, Hara Shankar Bhattacharya, Nikil Banerjee
Violin	MS Gopal Krishnan, TN Krishnan, Baluswamay, Gajanan Rao Joshi
Veena	Doraiswamy Iyengar, Chittibabu, Emani Sankara Shastri

These are the Important Tables for memorizing Classical and Folk Dances of India, Musical Instruments and their famous player. This post is created according to the syllabus of RRB NTPC Exam but it will very helpful for Other Railway, SSC and Comptative Exams also. So these are the common points that discuss in the first part of our post 'Arts and Culture of India part -1' rest we will read in our next post ' Arts and Culture of India Part-2'.