Notes on Arts and Culture of India
In this chapter we will learn about ‘Arts and Culture of India‘ this chapter will give you details of Classical and Folk Dances, Music Instrument, famous personality related with this field which is helpful for upcoming Railway NTPC , Group-D, SSC and State PSC Exams.
Classical Dance of India
The first mention of Dances found from the Bharat muni‘s works ‘Natya Shastra’. According to Historian the work was compiled between 200 BC to 2nd century AD.
At present Sangeet Natka Academy Of india recognizes 8 Classical Dances Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathk and Sattriya.
Details About Classical Dance Form :-
Dance Form | Origin | Characteristics | Famous performer | |
1 | Bharatnatyam | Tamil Nadu | Oldest classical dance form. Dance is performed by temple dancer or devadasi. It symbolizes Fire element. | Bala Saraswati, C. V. Chandrasekhar, Leela Samson, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Padma Subramanyam, Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Panigrahi, Sonal Mansingh, Yamini Krishnamurti |
2 | Kuchipudi | Andhra Pradesh | Kuchipudi recitals are based on the stories of Bhagavata purana. It symbolizes Earth element. | Josyula Seetharamaiah, Vempathi Chinna Sthyam |
3 | Kathakali | Kerala | It shows the conflict between good and evil. It symbolizes Sky or Ether element. | Mrinalini sarabhai, Guru Shankaran, Namboodripad, Thottam Sankaran, Kutti Nayyar, Shankar Kurup, KC Pannikar, TT Ram Kulti |
4 | Mohiniattam | Kerala | Narrates the story of faminine dance of lord vishnu. It symbolizes Air element. | Protima Devi, Sanyukta panigrahi, Sonal mansingh, Pankaj Charan Das |
5 | Odissi | Odisha | The lyrics of Geet Govind written by Jayadeva is used. Symbolizes Water element | Debaprasad Das, Dhirendra Nath Pattnaik, Indrani Rahman, Kelucharan Mahapatra, Priyambada Mohanty, Sonal Mansingh |
6 | Manipuri | Manipur | Ras Leela is the recurring theme of the dance. | Guru Bipin Sinha, Jhaveri Sisters, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta |
7 | Kathak | Uttar Pradesh | Accompanied with Dhrupad music | Bharti Gupta, Birju Maharaj, Damayanti Joshi, Durga Das, Gopi Krishna, Kumudini Lakhia, Sambhu Maharaj, Sitara Devi |
8 | Sattriya | Assam | Origin Natya Shastra of Sage Bharat muni. It is inspired from Bhakti movement. | Anwesa Mahanta |
States and their Folk Dances in India :-
STATE | FOLK Dance | STATE | FOLK Dance |
Andhra Pradesh | Kuchipudi, Kollatam | Uttarakhand | Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari |
Arunachal Pradesh | Bardo chham, Mukhota | Assam | Bihu, Kaligopal, Jhumar Nach |
Bihar | Jata-Jatin, Panwariya | Gujrat | Garba, Raas, Tippani Dance |
Jharkhand | Karma/Munda | Sikkim | Singhi Chham |
Uttar pradesh | Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora | Rajasthan | Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Bhavai, Kachchhi Ghodi. |
Punjab | Bhangra, Giddh , Jhumar, Karthi, Ludi | West Bengal | Gambhira, Nacni, Alkap, Domni, Chow |
Karnataka | Yakshagana, Kunitha, Bayalata | Kerala | Mohiniyattam, Ottam thulal |
Madhya Pradesh | Jawara, Maanch, Grida, Tertali, Phulpati Dance, Matki Dance | Chattisgarh | Panthi, Raut Nacha, Gaur Maria, Dekhni Dance |
Haryana | Saang, Ras Leela, Ghoomar, Jhumar, Teej, Phag ,Dhamal | Maharashtra | Lavni, Tamasha ,Dangi ,Pavri Nach ,Povadas ,Koli ,Dindi |
Odisha | Ghumura Dance, Ruk Mar Nacha, Chhau dance, Odissi, Baagh or Tiger Naach | Goa | Koli, Dhalo, Ghodemodni, Romta Mel, Divlyan Nac |
J & K | Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach | Manipur | Dol Cholam, Thang Ta, Lai Haraoiba |
Tamil Nadu | Kolattam, Kamandi, Pandigai, Devarattam, Karakattam | Himachal Pradesh | Dhaman, Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi |
Nagaland | Rangma, Bamboo Dance | Mizoram | Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam |
Tripura | Hojagiri | Meghalaya | Laho, Nongkrem |
Type of Musical Instruments:-
STRING INSTRUMENTS | WIND INSTRUMENTS | PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS |
Flute | Sitar | Tabla |
Shehnai | Sarod | Drum |
Harmonica | Guitar | Dholak |
Trumpet | Violin | Bells |
Piano | Veena | Mridangam |
Bagpipe | Banjo | Xylophone |
Musical Instruments and Instrumentalists:-
Instrument | Instrumentalists |
Tabla | Zakir Hussain, Alla Rakha Khan, Kishna Mahraj, Nikhil Ghosh, Pandit Samta Prasad, Latif khan |
Flute | Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghosh, TR Mahalingam, N Ramani |
Shehnai | Bismillah Khan |
Mridangam | Palghat Mani Iyer, Karaikudi R Mani, Palghat Raghu |
Sarod | Buddhadev Dasgupta, Ali Akbar Khan, Amjad Ali Khan |
Saarangi | Ustad Binda Khan |
Sitar | Ravi Shankar, Hara Shankar Bhattacharya, Nikil Banerjee |
Violin | MS Gopal Krishnan, TN Krishnan, Baluswamay, Gajanan Rao Joshi |
Veena | Doraiswamy Iyengar, Chittibabu, Emani Sankara Shastri |
These are the Important Tables for memorizing Classical and Folk Dances of India, Musical Instruments and their famous player. This post is created according to the syllabus of RRB NTPC Exam but it will very helpful for Other Railway, SSC and Comptative Exams also. So these are the common points that discuss in the first part of our post ‘Arts and Culture of India part -1’ rest we will read in our next post ‘ Arts and Culture of India Part-2’.
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