Rest and Motion Physics Notes For RRB NTPC and SSC EXAMS

Chapter : Rest and Motion

Simple pendulum, motion notes for upcoming government exams

 Simple pendulum(image source: wikipedia.org)


In our daily life we see many objects that are either in rest position or Motion. eg- moving Trains, car ,cycle, etc and on other hand trees, houses, furnitures, etc are in rest position.


Rest :- 

If any object does not change its position with respect to time and its surroundings, then it is called at rest.

Motion:- 

If the position of any objects changes with the time and its surroundings, then it is said to be at the state of motion.

Types of motion

Rectilinear and Translatory motion :- 

If a body travels in a straight line, horizontally or vertically, then the motion is called rectilinear or Translatory motion. eg – motion of a car in straight line, falling of a object from some height.


Circular Motion :-

when a body moves along a circular path, then its motion is called circular motion. In circular motion a body always accelerated towards the gravity.


Periodic Motion :-

The motion which repeats itself after a regular interval of time is called periodic motion. eg – movement of hands in a clock.


Simple Harmonic Motion :-

If a body moves to and fro in a straight line about a fixed point or position, then the motion of the body is called Simple Harmonic Motion. eg – movement of a pendulum.


Oscillatory Motion :-

If a body repeats its movement after a regular interval of time about  a fixed point, then the motion is called Oscillatory motion.


Projectile Motion :-

Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an object or particle is thrown near the earth’s surface, and its moves along a curved path under the action of gravity. The path of projectile is always parabolic.


For the maximum range of the projectile, the angle of projection should be 45°.

For maximum height of the projection, the angle of projection should be 90°.


Simple Pendulum :-

A simple Pendulum i s a point mass suspended from rigid support by means of an elastic inextensible string.

   Time period of a simple pendulum depends on the length of the string, which is known as effective length, and the acceleration due to gravity.
                     t = 2 π√l/g
Where l = length of the string and g = acceleration due to gravity.
Time period of a simple pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob which is suspended.

Some Basic Terms related with Motion

Distance :- 

The length of the path covered by a body in a particular time interval is called diatanced.

    Distance is always positive and its unit is meter (m). It is a scalar quantity.


Displacement :-

The shortest distance between the initial and final points in a particular direction is called displacement.

    It can be negative, zero or positive. Its unit is also meter (m). It is a vector quantity.


Speed :-

The rate of change of distance is called speed.

      Mathematically, speed = distance/time.
It is a scalar quantity and its unit is m/s.


Velocity :-

The rate of change of displacement is called velocity, i.e. Velocity = displacement/time.
It is a vector quantity and its unit is also m/s.It may be negative, zero or positive.


Uniform velocity :-

If a body covers equal displacements in equal interval of time, then it is said that the body is moving with uniform velocity.

Non-uniform Velocity :-

If a body covers unequal displacement in equal intervals of time, then it is said that the body is moving with non-uniform velocity.


Acceleration :-  

It is the rate of change of velocity.It is a vector quantity. Its S.I. unit is m/s.

It may be negative, zero or positive.
If it is positive, then it is known as acceleration. If it is zero, then the body is moving with a uniform velocity. If it is negative, then it is known as retardation.

Equations of Motion

v=u+at
s=ut+1/2at²
v²=u²+2as
Where, s = distance or displacement covered by the body
           v = final velocity
           u = initial velocity
            t = time period
           a = acceleration

About Author

Photo of author
Hai, I am Avinash Prasad from Kolkata. I have7 years working experience in teaching field. cleared many Government Jobs exams - WBPTET, SBI Clerk, WBPSC Clerk, SSC CGL 2017, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, Railway ALP & Technicians and RRB NTPC.

Leave a Comment